The Stages Of Acute Cutaneous Wound Healing - 1421 Words

The stages of acute cutaneous wound healing and why some processes may be altered in diabetic patients â€Å"The process by which tissue repair takes place is termed wound healing and is comprised of a continuous sequence of inflammation and repair, in which epithelial, endothelial, inflammatory cells, platelets and fibroblasts briefly come together outside their normal domains, interact to restore a semblance of their usual discipline and having done so resume their normal function†. (The Cellular Biology of Wound Healing 2016) Wound healing has 3 distinct stages, an inflammatory response, a proliferation phase and a maturation phase, however wound healing is not a linear process and a patient can move back and forth throughout the stages. After the occurrence of a wound the inflammatory process immediately begins and can last up to 3 days (Wound Healing 2016), the initial injury causes the small vessels around the wound site to be disturbed resulting in bleeding, the body’s first response is a haemodynamic one in that it restricts these vessels in order to prevent blood loss. There then comes a rapid release of preformed inflammatory mediators from the cells surrounding the injury, the first thing this causes is the aggregation of platelets, these platelets adhere to extracellular surface structures which are exposed, such as collagen and basement membranes, this in turn causes serotonin from platelet stores to be stimulated. (Kirk, Phillips and Murray 2001) As well asShow MoreRelatedHuman Wound Healing1131 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher, Conway, Ridling Simpson; 2011). Wound healing is a very complex process. Wound healing has three phases: the inflammatory phase, the proliferative phase, and the maturational or remodeling phase. These phases might overlap at times (Porth, 2011). Inflammatory Phase The inflammatory phase starts at the time of injury with the formation of a blood clot and the migration of phagocytic white blood cells into the wound site. The first cells to arrive, the neutrophils, ingestRead MorePhases of Wound Healing2433 Words   |  10 Pages (A)Wound healing is a biological process occurring in the human body. In this lecture we had discussed about both acute and chronic wounds. An acute wound is an injury to the skin that occurs suddenly rather than over time. It heals at a predictable and expected rate according to the normal wound healing process. The chronic wounds do not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do. The normal wound healing process mainly consists of four mainRead MoreThe Leading Cause Of Impaired Performance On The Equine Athlete1864 Words   |  8 Pagesin 2 months 4.0. Tissue repair 4.1. Acute Inflammatory Phase (1-3 days Post- Surgery) Acute inflammation is the primary tissue response to an injury or trauma, characterised by redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of functional capacity within the affected tissue. Initial recruitment of the neutrophils occur within 24 hours after the preliminary incision as the primary line of defence after extravagation through the vessel wall into the extent of the wound attracted by release of chemoattractantsRead MoreTreatment Of Surgery, Cryotherapy, And Imiquimod Cream- Treatments For Basal Cell Carcinoma3559 Words   |  15 Pagessuperficial BCC in rest home a setting are cryotherapy, topical creams (imiquimod) and lastly, is excision surgery thus it will be an advantage to focus on this treatment method. This assignment discuss the pathophysiology of basal cell carcinoma, wound healing, and factors contributing to carcinogenesis. There are varieties of treatment for basal cell carcinoma; however, the interventions selected on this study are mainly focuses on excisional surgery, cryotherapy, and topical creams (imiquimod). TheRead MoreBeing Infected with Tuberculosis2347 Words   |  9 Pagesfilter and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). This kind of ventilator is able to kill the M. tuberculosis if the exposure is sufficient. However, there are disadvantages to the HCWs and patients. The overexposure to UVGI can cause acute and chronic cutaneous and ocular alterations. The proper guideline should be followed during the usage of UVGI. The last level of control strategy is personal respiratory protection. This control is also preventing the transmission of the disease to the HCWsRead MoreBio 205 Workshop 23099 Words   |  13 Pages10. Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all 17 patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. a. How did the wounds most likely get contaminated? The surgeonsRead MoreNu-545 Unit 1 Essay5474 Words   |  22 Pagescalcium ions, they form deposits of phosphate carbonate precipitates and crystalline formations of calcium phosphates. 27. What happens to sodium and water during cell injury? In hypoxic injury, movement of fluid and ions into the cell is s/t acute failure of metabolism and loss of ATP production. In metabolic failure caused by hypoxia, reduced ATP and ATPase permits sodium to accumulate in the cell, whereas potassium diffuses out. Increase in Na increases osmotic pressure, which draws more waterRead MoreStudy Notes for Advanced Pathophysiology5046 Words   |  21 Pagessystemic tx that enable drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as distant sites, can be used a primary tx or as a part of a multi modal tx plan. Chemo is the primary tx for most hematologic and some solid tumors (choriocarcinoma, testicular cancer, acute, and chronic leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma. Has poor side effects (Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Alopecia, decreased sperm counts,). * Hormone therapy-administration of drugs designed to negatively alter theRead MoreSocm Study Guide Essa y30404 Words   |  122 Pages A. Chemical B. Cellular level C. Tissue level D. Organ level E. Organ system level F. Organism level Identify the organ systems of the body and the major components of each system. 1. Integumentary system: * Cutaneous membrane (layers of skin) * Hair follicles * Hair * Sebaceous glands * Sweat glands * Nails * Sensory Receptors 2. Skeletal System: * Bones (s06), Cartilages, ligaments * Axial skeleton – skull, vertebraeRead MoreDental Question Bank33485 Words   |  134 Pagesrarefaction. The patient’s temperature is normal. The day before he had a series of gastrointestinal xrays at the local hospital and was given a clean bill of health. The condition is A. B. C. D. E. Acute periapical abscess Angioneurotic oedema Infectious mononucleosis Acute maxillary sinusitis Acute apical periodontitis 11. Internal resorption is A. B. C. Radiolucency over unaltered canal Usually in a response to trauma Radiopacity over unaltered canal 12. On replantation of an avulsed tooth

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of School Based Therapy Essay

Owens, Granader and Baron-Cohen acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of school-based therapy versus clinical based therapy. While the school-based therapy is more adept to focusing on â€Å"theory of mind, eye contact and play with preferred toys† (Owens et al., 2008, p. 1945) due to the possibility of larger and more frequent group settings. Peer â€Å"therapists† can also be brought in as a play mentor and model. Sessions at a clinic tend to focus more on â€Å"social initiations and responses, emotion recognition and group problem solving† (Owens et al., 2008, p. 1945). One play-based method of therapy includes the use of LEGOs. Groups of three children are given specific jobs with the task of creating a designated project. Interest to complete the project is high due to the fact that many AS children enjoy LEGOs. They play centered around building appropriate social interactions, identifying verbal and nonverbal rules, solving problems creatively and work ing together to complete the task. Research found that those participating in the study were better able to generalize their learned skills when playing in other situations (Owens et al., 2008, p. 1945). Going to physical and occupational therapy can improve a child’s motor skills and help them with daily tasks such as eating, playing and sleeping (Attwood, 2007, p. 17). â€Å"One of the movement disturbances associated with Asperger’s syndrome is lax joints† (Attwood, 2007, p. 263). David Miedzianik gives his account of theShow MoreRelatedTheory Analysis1707 Words   |  7 Pagessexuality.  · Strengths and Usefulness - This theory emphasized the impact of childhood experiences on later life. Psychoanalysis helps bring the unconscious to the conscious so it can be dealt with.  · Weaknesses and Criticisms - Some people say his theories are gender bias, everything resolves around penis envy. I feel he over emphasized sexual instinct and left out mental or emotional factors on personality.  · Applications - This is used mainly for counseling and therapy. It is used toRead MoreAnalysis Of Three Models Theories Of Classroom Management1330 Words   |  6 Pagestheories of classroom management such as Goal centered theory; cognitive behaviour theory and choice theory. Each theory will be demonstrated by the key person associated with the theory and the key principal of each theory. As a result, strengths and weaknesses will be given and conclude with a summary of the similarities and difference between each of the above theories. Goal-Centered Theory Rudolf Dreikurs philosophy logic depends on the theory of majority rules system, with itsRead MorePsychology Is The Study Of The Mind And Behavior1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe study of the mind and behaviour. Since Psychology first emerged there has been ,many differing schools of Psychology each with different theories in which to understand human behaviour. In this essay I will explain the four major schools of psychology including psychoanalysis, behaviourism, biological and cognitive, and the major influences behind each such as Freud. Psychoanalysis is a school of thought first developed by Sigmeund Freud(1856-1939) one of the most influential psychologistsRead MoreHow Creativity Can Be Developed And Exercised856 Words   |  4 Pagesever-changing and developing world. In the In this paper, it is my aim to explore this article in regard to its strengths and weaknesses in presenting the used of creativity in counseling, how it relates to my current studies as an aspiring school counselor, and an cultural considerations. Strengths and Weaknesses From the onset of reading the article, it was evident that the author was utilizing his strength in creativity to gain his audience’s attention. The use of the song lyrics to the popular 1970 songRead MoreA Theoretical Perspective Attachment Based Family Therapy1710 Words   |  7 PagesConceptualization The family’s main problems can be understood from the theoretical perspective Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT). The client that was referred is Mia. She is a 17 year old second generation Chinese-American girl. She is currently a junior in high school and is preparing to take the SAT’s next year. Mia’s teacher referred her due to mild symptoms of depression. This perspective is important because a child depends on his/her parents being available and protective which causesRead MoreEssay on theory analysis1673 Words   |  7 Pagesshifted to the opposite sex, heterosexual relations are formed and the person attains full adult sexuality.  ·nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Strengths and Usefulness - This theory emphasized the impact of childhood experiences on later life. Psychoanalysis helps bring the unconscious to the conscious so it can be dealt with.  ·nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Weaknesses and Criticisms - Some people say his theories are gender bias, everything resolves around penis envy. I feel he over emphasized sexual instinctRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skills Test On Communication754 Words   |  4 Pagesideas clearly†. A Likert scale is used in the scoring process with answers ranging from â€Å"Almost never† to â€Å"Most of the time†. One negative aspect of this test is its reliability on self-reports. It can be difficult to admit to your communication weaknesses, especially if you are unaware of them. â€Å"From negotiating for a promotion to resolving a conflict with a spouse, good communication skills can greatly improve life, while weak communication skills can make everyday interactions frustrating andRead MoreInterview, Observation Report On Mental Services Clinic Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesClinical Assistant Professor of School Psychology. Dr. strait was very kind and gave me the opportunity to learn more about her. She received her Bachelor’s degree in English from the University of Texas at Austin and her Ph.D. in School Psychology from the University of South Carolina. Her areas of interest in psychology are the brain, memory, and behavior problems. She is a Licensed Psychologist (TN), Provisionally Licensed Psychologist (TX), Licensed Specialist in School Psychology (LSSP; TX), andRead MoreThe Etiology Of The Disorder963 Words   |  4 Pagesoccupational adjustment (2013). On the other hand, there are protective factors that lower the cumulative impact of OD D they include higher levels of intelligence, good social skills, relaxed temperament, positive work habits in school, areas of competence outside of school, and a positive relationship with an adult (Children’s Mental Health Ontario, 2001). In a study done by Neuman, Sitdhiraksa, Reich, Ji, Joyner, Sun, and Todd (2005) the prevalence of ODD appeared greater in boys (3.2%) comparedRead MoreEvidence Based Interventions And Ibi998 Words   |  4 Pages Evidence-Based Interventions and IBI Lindsay Chiasson- 000375743 Mohawk College History of Ontario’s autism initiative: The Ontario government is focused on providing effective early interventions for young children with autism (Perry, n.d.). Throughout the years, a substantial amount of research has been done regarding the neuroplasticity and the effectiveness of early intervention in young children (Perry, n.d.). The results of this research have given professionals a greater understanding

Empirical Challenges of the Efficient Market Hypothesis free essay sample

Following its initial proposition, the efficient market hypothesis has remained one of the most important topics of debate in the financial and economic literature. This paper provides a discussion of the empirical challenges of the hypothesis. 2. Efficient Market Hypothesis: Theory and Empirical Challenges There are three forms of the efficient market hypothesis: (i) the weak-form; (ii) the semi strong-from; and (iii) the strong-form (Fama, 1970, 1991). The weak-form suggests that asset prices already reflect all stock market information meaning that stock market information cannot be used to make abnormal returns on a risk-adjusted based. The semi strong-from suggests that in addition to stock market information, stock prices also reflect all publicly available information such as price-to-book ratios, dividend yield, price-to-cash flow and price-to-earnings ratios. The semi strong-form means that abnormal returns cannot be made by trading on stock market data and any other information that is disclosed to the general public about stocks (Reilly and Brown, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Empirical Challenges of the Efficient Market Hypothesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, the strong-form states that security prices reflect both public and private information (Reilly and Brown, 2009). The empirical evidence on the efficient market hypothesis is mixed. Some studies have showed that the efficient market hypothesis is valid while others have identified imperial challenges to the hypothesis. This paper will focus on the empirical challenges. One group of studies suggest that the idea that stock returns follow a random walk has no theoretical underpinning (e. g. , Niederhoffer and Osborne, 1966; Lo and MacKinlay, 1988; Poterba and Summers,1988). All these studies show that stock returns do not follow a random walk as suggested by the EMH. Other studies have shown that the hypothesis is only valid in developed stock markets. Accordingly emerging market stock returns can be predicted which raises serious concerns over the validity of the efficient market hypothesis in these markets (e. g. , D’Ambrosio, 1980; Harvey, 1993; Balaban, 1995; Grieb and Reyes, 1999; Kawakatsu and Morey, 1999). The idea that stock returns can be predicted in emerging market economies has enabled investors in developed stock markets to diversify the risk of their portfolios and enhance their returns by including emerging market assets as part of their portfolios (Harvey, 1993). Another body of research has observed the presence of stock market anomalies. For example Debondt and Thaler (1985) argue that stock markets tend to either overreact or underreact to information suggesting that the markets are not as efficient as the EMH suggests. In addition, Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) observe that stock prices tend to persist in a particular direction of movement suggesting the presence of momentum profits. These profits can be made by adopting a strategy that shorts stocks that performed poorly in the past and buying those that performed well in the past. Another commonly documented anomaly is the observation of premiums on low market-to-book value stocks, low price-to-earnings stocks; and low price-dividend stocks (e. g. , Banz, 1981; Reinganum, 1981). The documentation of premiums is also a challenge to the EMH because in an efficient market there should be no premium on a particular investment strategy. Following the documentation of the above stock market anomalies and the empirical evidence against the EMH a new finance theory known as behavioural finance theory has emerged with the objective of explaining the presence and persistence of stock market anomalies (Bodie et al. 2007). According to behavioural finance theory, investor behaviour is influenced by psychological factors, which means that stock market anomalies can be attributed to psychological-based theories. The investment decisions of individuals and the behaviour of stock prices are systematically influenced by the structure of market information as well as the charac teristics of investors (Bodie et al. , 2007). Behavioural finance theorists argue against the efficient market hypothesis on the grounds that the assumptions underlying the EMH are unrealistic. The traditional EMH framework assumes that investors are rational. However, Barberies and Thaler (2003) argue that this assumption is â€Å"too simple and very appealing†. While some investors may be rational in their thinking, it is difficult to conceptualise the behaviour of investors based solely on rationality. Some of the actions of investors are irrational and as such basing the EMH on a rational framework can lead to misleading conclusions about the efficiency of markets (Barberies et al. , 1998; Hong and Stern, 1999; Baberies and Thaler, 2003). Investors do not react to information in the manner in which the efficient market hypothesis suggests. Investors tend to initially overreact or underreact to information when it is first made available to the market (Barberies et al. , 1998; Hong and Stern, 1999). This means that the EMH is only a temporal phenomenon. During a market overreaction or underreaction, investors who have insight on what the right direction of movement should be can make abnormal returns on a risk adjusted basis by designing trading strategies consistent with the long-run reversal of the stock price to its true intrinsic value. Despite the overwhelming challenges highlighted above against the EMH, proponents of the EMH have argued that these anomalies cannot be attributed to failure on the part of market efficiency. Schwert (2004) contends that anomalies are wrongly attributed to failure of maret efficiency whereas other factors such as inadequacies in asset pricing models could be at work. The argument by Schwert (2004) is consistent with Fama and French (1993, 1996) who argue that the standard capital asset pricing model by Sharpe (1964); and Lintner (1965) cannot adequately explain the cross-section of stock returns. Fama and French (1993, 1996) showed that when a three-factor model is used, most of the anomalies disappear. With respect to overreaction and underreaction, Fama (1998) argues that the frequencies of overreactions and underreactions tend to be equal. The even split between overreaction and underreaction results in a zero overreaction. Consequently, the EMH cannot be rejected on the basis of overreaction and underreaction. Moreover, Fama (1998) contends that overreactions occur as a result of chance. Studies that document overreaction and underreaction have been accused of using bad models. Responding to behavioural theorists, Rubinstein (2001) argues that if investor irrationality affects stock prices, it will most likely be manifested through overconfidence which should make markets more efficient rather than inefficient. For example, it has been observed that mutual funds despite their active management tend not to outperform passive investment strategies (Jensen, 1968; Rubinestein, 2001). Schwert (2004) further observes that stock market anomalies tend to disappear or reverse after their discovery suggesting that anomalies reflect a temporal mispricing in stock markets. Once enough arbitrageurs have taken appropriate action against the mispricing, stock markets return to normal. 3. Conclusions and Recommendations Three different forms of the EMH have been suggested. The EMH has been a subject of debate and has been subject to a number of empirical challenges. Studies argue that the EMH does not hold because stock market anomalies continue to be documented. In addition, some argue that the EMH is only valid in developed stock markets and invalid in emerging markets. Furthermore behavioural theorists contend that the framework of the EMH is based on rational expectations whereas investors tend not to be rational in their thinking and behaviour. However, proponents of the hypothesis suggest that studies that reject the EMH are characterised by inherent weaknesses in their methodologies. For example, Fama (1998) attribute anomalies to the use of bad models to test the EMH. In addition, Fama and French (1993, 1996) argue that the cross-section of stock returns is a function of three factors (market factor, size factor and the book-to-market factor) and not a function of a single factor (market factor) as suggested in Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965). As can be observed, there is no point of agreement between the two groups of researchers. The opinion of this paper is that stock markets are efficient. The main issue is that researchers investigating the hypothesis tend to use models that may not be appropriate in testing the hypothesis.

What Is Your Opinion About Marriage free essay sample

Marriage is defined as a social union or legal contract between people called spouses that create kinship. The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures, but is usually an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged. Such a union is often formalized via a wedding ceremony. People marry for many reasons, including legal, social, being in love, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious. Marriages can be performed in a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting. The act of marriage usually creates normative or legal obligations between the individuals involved. I personally think that marriage should be formed on the foundation of love. Other factors can be considered while finding a potential partner for marriage but love should always be the first criteria. This is because without love, I think that the couples will have a hard time tolerating with each other at the beginning of a marriage and quarrels would be very frequent. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Your Opinion About Marriage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But with love, at least it will be more easier for each parties to tolerate due to the special bond shared between them. Moreover, love enable the couples to have happy moment with each other throughout the marriage. Compared to couples that just do not have the chemistry attraction between them, most couples with love will have a more wonderful life together. Moreover, I think that marriage should be conducted out of own willingness and not due to parents forcing. This is because, if one just marry for the sake of having a child for their next generation, then there are higher possibility for one partner in the marriage to neglect their spouse as they may think that their spouse are like birth tool and nothing else. For them, their spouse are not their soul mate and they may not share their struggle, pain, joy and everything else with their spouse. This will cause their spouse to feel neglected and unloved. Worst still, these types of couples may end up divorcing or sorting to domestic violence. For these kind of marriage, usually their child will not be brought up in a loving environment and may grow close to either the mother and hate the father or vice versa. These marriage will also affect the emotional and mental development of the child. As the child grew older, they may think that love is not important and so are less understanding and loving towards other people. They may grow up to be a very selfish and greedy individual. Furthemore, marriage should also take into consideration financial capabilities of both spouses. As we all know, to even conduct a wedding ceremony, one need a huge amount of money, from the wedding dress, wedding ring and to the wedding dinner, all require careful planning and huge amount of investment. Marriage do not just stop at wedding ceremony, it also proceeds to the basic needs of starting a family like preparing a house, a car, money for the children education and so on, hence, I think that before a couple think of marriage, they should have a permanent job with a stable income. If a couple do not have enough financial capabilities, the marriage are definitely going to be doomed sooner or later. Just think of it, if your parents do not know how to manage their finance well, do you think that you will have a stable and peaceful life like today? Instead, there will always be quarrels among couples that blame their spouse for not being â€Å"useful† enough to find a stable job with good income. You will find sentence like â€Å" we need to pay for electrical and water bill soon, but we do not have enough funds, why aren’t you providing enough for all of these!? † in the life after marriage of couples that are not well finance. Hence, though it may sound very realistic, but a part of marriage includes financial capabilities of both spouses. Besides, I think that marriage should not be only for couples that wanted to have baby. If the lady is infertile, I think that she still deserves to be wed to the guy that she loves. Marriage is about the union of two souls and body that are so in love and not a tool to provides baby only. I think that family members of either side should not stop their children to step into wedding ceremony just because their partner is infertile or if the guy body condition do not allow him to produce baby. Though many may think that offspring is the ultimate reason for marriage, I totally disagree with that. I personally think that offspring is one of the important reason for marriage but not ultimate reason for marriage. Marriage holds a much more significant meaning than just that. Moreover, with technology advancement now, if one of the spouse not able to produce baby in a natural way, they can always try in- vitro way. If their condition really cannot, then there is always adoption as an option for them to start their family. Though there are lots of argument that states that if a baby is adopt, the child do not have the same bloodline and are not the â€Å"true† family members and so may not be that trustworthy. But let me remind all of you a child is shaped mostly by their environment. Though I know that omehow genetic play a role in a child personality, but that is only minority. If the child is brought up with good moral values, there is no doubt that the child most probably will be a fantastic person in the future. Though there are a few types of marriage like gay marriage, lesbian marriage and different sex marriage, but I must admit that I can only accept different sex marriage. The reason for me to say so is that I believe same sex marriage is against the nature. If you observe nature properly, you will realise that a male and a female regardless whether it is human or animal, is meant to be together. Male and female each represent a half of the other. When both male and female married, both flesh are joined together and become one. When this happen, they will be able to produce offspring. The fact that a guy can only produce his own baby by having sex with a girl shows that nature also have it that a guy are meant for a girl, and a girl for a guy. This is why even if guy have sex with guy, they cannot produce their own baby, this is because the very structure of their body are in nature the same and they are not the half of each other like I mention above how girls are like the other half being of guys. When both half beings join together, then they can only be one and can only have baby. Though I understand that there are many arguments that some guy just cannot like girls, if that is the case, then I prefer these guys to just stay the way they are and do not pursue marriage so as to prevent more social problem. Though I cannot accept same sex marriage, but I can accept different race and ethnicity marriage. Though there are many cultural differences among couples of different races but I believe that they will be able to overcome it as long as there is love and understanding among them. Traditions can always be learned and practised as long as someone has the heart to do so. So, I think that different race marriage should not be a problem for couples that thinking of marriage. Another reason why I approve of different race marriage are this will allow exchange of cultural practices among two communities. In this way, a community can be able to be more understanding towards another community of people and learn to respect them as well. Since there is barely any negative effects on different race marriage, I think that there is no reason for me to oppose it. I had even seen couples of different race construct a more happy family than those of the same race, there are also some sayings that said that if a guy or girl from different cultural background willing to married to his or her mate, this means that they love their mate very much and willing to learn their partners culture. In addition, I think that marriage should only be conducted when both partners feel that they are ready to be committed but not through the forcing of another partner. This is because, if a partner forces another into marriage, then that person may not be emotionally and mentally prepared. As a result, social problem like having affairs with another guy or woman may occur. This is because they may feel very burdened by their spouse so they seek to find another suitable mate that claims to be able to understand their feelings more and are being more loving to them compared to their husband or wife. Another problem about forced marriage are one of the partner may be very irresponsible in their action. For example, one of the partner may neglect his or her spouse by giving career busyness as an excuse and frequently come back late which cause their spouse to feel very neglected or lonely. If they have a child, the irresponsible partner may even throw the job of caring after the child to another partner and use â€Å"this is what u want and I am just giving it to you† as an excuse to not play a role in nurturing the child. As their marriage period proceeds, divorce may occur. Hence, though even if you feel that you are ready to settle down, do not rush your boyfriend or girlfriend into doing so. Give them sufficient time to mature and achieve their goals until they feel they are ready to carry this burden with you. If you rush them, you are most probably doomed to having a bad marriage. I think that in a marriage, there should be trust and respect between spouses. There should not be a party that feels he or she is more inferior compared to their partner. If one of them feels inferior, then it is most likely that they are being stepped on top by the other and lose control into making decision for the family. This is bad in a way that the party that feels inferior may sow bitterness and hatred towards his or her partner. With bitterness and hatred all around, you can picture that this will not be a happy family. Instead, there will be continuous quarrel in the family due to one of the party trying his or her best to keep their ego. So, it is very important for both partners to be able to respect each other. Moreover, if one party do not pay enough respect to his or her partner, if they have a child, there are very high chances for the child to either hate his father who bullies his mother or look down on his mother thinking that his mother is weak and easy to step on or vice versa. Either way, it is not good for the emotional and mental development of the child. If the child learn to hates such a young age, there is very high possibility for that child to be very uncaring and unloving towards others. However, if the child learn to look down on his father or mother, then there is very high chances for this child to disrespect elder that he thinks to be weak or soft in personality for him. Hatred and lack of respect for elder is a very common issues nowadays among our youngster. Hence, it is very important to provide our kids with the correct environment by first being correct in our interaction with our spouse. There should always be equality in both parents in a family. Neither one should be step down upon by the other. But both learn to cultivate trust and respect with each other. Though there maybe one partner that is more dominating while the other more submissive in a relationship, the more dominating one should always remember to ask the more submissive one about his or her opinion regarding family issues and not try to solve it by his or her own by providing solutions based on one judgement. By doing so, the dominating partner will be able to keep the other ego or pride in front of their child and the other also will feel that he or she is trust and respected by the other person. In a marriage, I think that responsibility of taking care of the house should be discussed and distributed equally. There is no such thing as guys only need to care about the career while woman care about the rest. We are now livings in a modern era, no longer at the era whereby girls are uneducated and just need to take care of house chores and appearance. Now, girls are very educated and career minded also. Suppose in a marriage, the wife has her own career to look after of, if she alone needs to manage all the house chores, would not it be very burdensome to her? In my opinion, guys should be more understanding and learn to help their wife to manage the house. It is no longer guys only that is the one providing income to the family, girls are also doing so. Hence, it will only be fair if the house chores are distributed equally among them. Not only house chores, if they have a child, the responsibility of caring and nurturing the child should not be the wife job only, it should be both the wife and husband job. If one party neglect the child, then the child may grow up emotionally incomplete as he do not receive love from his other parent. This is bad as the child may feel lonely or envy of other child that are loved by both parents. Therefore, in order to prevent all of this, the married couple needs to cooperate with each other to give their child the best care, moral upbringing and education to the child. What I mention above are solely my own personal view about marriage only. Every people have their own special view. For instance, some people may think that same sex marriage is acceptable while the other may think that different race marriage is unacceptable. It all depends on the individual own idea and thoughts. However, one thing was for sure. Marriage is a very important and honourable event and must be treated seriously by all.